What Is a Pterygium?
A pterygium is a triangular growth of conjunctival tissue onto the cornea. It may cause redness, irritation, astigmatism, cosmetic concern or reduced vision when it progresses.
Risk Factors and Symptoms
Long-term ultraviolet exposure, wind, dust, dry conditions, outdoor work and individual susceptibility increase risk. Sunglasses with UV protection and a hat help reduce exposure.
Nonsurgical Management
Lubricating drops and short courses of prescribed anti-inflammatory treatment may relieve symptoms in small or quiet lesions, but medication does not remove the growth.
When Is Surgery Considered?
Surgery may be considered when the pterygium progresses onto the cornea, affects vision or astigmatism, causes persistent inflammation or is cosmetically significant.
Surgical Techniques and Recovery
Conjunctival autografting is commonly used to reduce recurrence; amniotic membrane may be selected in certain recurrent or extensive cases. Drops, UV protection and follow-up are important during healing.